A T-maze test is an experimental approach that is used in congenital research. However, the
food reward-based protocol for the T-maze test in fish has low efficiency and a long training …

As common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol AF (BPAF)
raises potential concerns for aquatic organisms due to its widespread presence and …

Despite the increasing use of protoplasts in plant biotechnology research, shoot
regeneration from protoplasts remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the factors …

Migration is an important life-history event in a wide range of taxa, yet many migrations are
influenced by anthropogenic change. Although migration dynamics are extensively studied …

Zebrafish are becoming one of the most used vertebrates in developmental and biomedical
research. Fish are commonly killed at the end of an experiment with an overdose of tricaine …

Monoamine neurotransmitters are the major regulatory mechanisms in the vertebrate brain,
involved in the adjustment of motivation, emotion, and cognition. The chemical anatomy of …

Zebrafish are rapidly emerging as a powerful model organism in hypothesis-driven studies
targeting a number of functional and dysfunctional processes. Mathematical models of …

Orexin is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide implicated in feeding regulation of mammals.
However, except for the case of goldfish, the involvement of orexin in the feeding behavior of …

Glucocorticoid resistance is commonly observed in depression, and has been linked to
reduced expression and/or function of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1 in human …

Individual differences and variation in behavioral responses have been identified in many
animal species. These differences may be the result of genetic or environmental factors or …