Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

The interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that protect against disease by direct effects
on target cells and by activating immune responses. The production and actions of IFNs are …

The cationic polysaccharide chitosan is an attractive candidate adjuvant capable of driving
potent cell-mediated immunity, but the mechanism by which it acts is not clear. We show that …

Protective responses to microorganisms involve the nonspecific but rapid defence
mechanisms of the innate immune system, followed by the specific but slow defence …

Researchers working on the development of vaccines face an inherent dilemma: to
maximize immunogenicity without compromising safety and tolerability. Early vaccines often …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple
organs. A complex interaction of genetics, environment, and hormones leads to immune …

Many successful vaccines induce persistent antibody responses that can last a lifetime. The
mechanisms by which they do so remain unclear, but emerging evidence indicates that they …

Defining where and in what form lymphocytes encounter antigen is fundamental to
understanding how immune responses occur. Although knowledge of the recognition of …

Whether and how an acute immune challenge may affect DNA Damage Response (DDR) is
unknown. By studying vaccinations against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (mRNA-based) we …

Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines involved in the defense against viral
infections that play a key role in the activation of both the innate and adaptive immune …