Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate
immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and …

Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order
to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to …

Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, is
present in the species of the Brassicaceae, especially in broccoli sprouts. In this study, the …

The regulatory approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy) in 2011 ushered in a new era of cancer
immunotherapies with durable clinical effects. Most of these breakthrough medicines are …

Conspectus Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the “gatekeepers” of the immune system in
humans and other animals to protect the host from invading bacteria, viruses, and other …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling represents one of the best studied pathways to implement
defense mechanisms against invading microbes in human being as well as in animals …

The severe form of COVID-19 is marked by an abnormal and exacerbated immunological
host response favoring to a poor outcome in a significant number of patients, especially …

In many Gram‐negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its lipid A moiety are pivotal
for bacterial survival. Depending on its structure, lipid A carries the toxic properties of the …

The interactions between sugar-containing molecules from the bacteria cell wall and pattern
recognition receptors (PRR) on the plasma membrane or cytosol of specialized host cells …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …