Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical
manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are …

Various forms of cell death have been identified over the last decades with each relying on a
different subset of proteins for the activation and execution of their respective pathway (s). In …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in orchestrating mammalian inflammatory
responses. It promotes inflammation either directly by inducing inflammatory gene …

Acquired resistance to immunotherapy remains a critical yet incompletely understood
biological mechanism. Here, using a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma …

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-
stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Cytotoxic lymphocytes are critical in our immune defence against cancer and infection.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells can directly lyse malignant or infected cells …

Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is synthesized in the flowers of the Crocus genus.
Numerous in vitro and in vivo research projects have been published about the biological …

Macrophages regulate cutaneous wound healing by immune surveillance, tissue repair and
remodelling. The depletion of dermal macrophages during the early and middle stages of …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading
infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB …

Necroptosis is a lytic, proinflammatory cell death pathway, which has been implicated in host
defense and, when dysregulated, the pathology of many human diseases. The central …