Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral
cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance …

Various forms of fibrosis, comprising tissue thickening and scarring, are involved in 40% of
deaths across the world. Since the discovery of scarless functional healing in fetuses prior to …

Effective reprogramming of chronic wound healing remains challenging due to the limited
drug delivery efficacy hindered by physiological barriers, as well as the inappropriate dosing …

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-
5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important …

Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets of TH cells
in the tumor which are critical for activation of anti-tumor response either directly by …

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Sepsis is a severe clinical
syndrome related to the host response to infection. The severity of infections is due to an …

Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this
immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection …

Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that
represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products …

Tissue repair after injury is a complex, metabolically demanding process. Depending on the
tissue's regenerative capacity and the quality of the inflammatory response, the outcome is …

Introduction: Allergy results from an aberrant Type 2 inflammatory response, triggered by a
wide range of environmental antigens (allergens) that lead to various immune responses …