Our brains consist of 80% water, which is continuously shifted between different
compartments and cell types during physiological and pathophysiological processes …

Advancements in molecular biology have led to a greater understanding of the individual
proteins responsible for generating cerebral edema. In large part, the study of cerebral …

With the endothelium as its central unit, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex
multicellular structure separating the central nervous system (CNS) from the systemic …

The fine balance between the secretion, composition, volume and turnover of cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) is strictly regulated. However, during certain neurological diseases, this balance …

According to the traditional understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology, the
majority of CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles, the …

Environmental challenges are part of daily life for any individual. In fact, stress appears to be
increasingly present in our modern, and demanding, industrialized society. Virtually every …

The physiological underpinnings of the necessity of sleep remain uncertain. Recent
evidence suggests that sleep increases the convection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease affecting the optic nerve and spinal
cord, in which autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein probably …

Background and purpose: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or Devic′ s disease is a rare
inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) …

Neuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
associated with autoantibodies against the glial water channel protein aquaporin-4. It has …