Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of
plant Ca2+‐permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding …

The diets of over two‐thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral
elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation …

The role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a signal in animals has been documented for
over 60 years. In contrast, evidence that GABA is a signal in plants has only emerged in the …

Ca2+ signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental
processes of plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result …

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous biogenic amines that have been implicated in diverse
cellular functions in widely distributed organisms. In plants, mutant and transgenic plants …

Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting approximately 7% of the world's total land area
resulting in billion dollar losses in crop production around the globe. Recent progress in …

In the last 40 years the amount of synthetic nitrogen (N) applied to crops has risen
drastically, resulting in significant increases in yield but with considerable impacts on the …

Glutamate occupies a central position in amino acid metabolism in plants. The acidic amino
acid is formed by the action of glutamate synthase, utilizing glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate …

Polyamines are low molecular weight, aliphatic polycations found in the cells of all living
organisms. Due to their positive charges, polyamines bind to macromolecules such as DNA …

Cells must respond to an array of environmental and developmental cues. The signaling
networks that have evolved to generate appropriate cellular responses are varied and are …