Owing to its ability to depict the pathologic features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in exquisite
detail, conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an established tool in …

Three types of vascular dysfunction have been described in multiple sclerosis (MS). First,
findings from epidemiological studies suggest that patients with MS have a higher risk for …

OBJECTIVE: To investigate abnormal phase on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI)-
filtered phase images indicative of iron content, in subcortical deep-gray matter (SDGM) of …

Objectives: Abnormal high cerebral iron deposition may be implicated in chronic neurologic
disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). R2* relaxometry has been recently validated in …

Background Recent studies using colour-coded Doppler sonography showed that chronic
impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system is almost exclusively found in …

Recent advances in susceptibility MRI have dramatically improved the visualization of deep
gray matter brain regions and the quantification of their magnetic properties in vivo …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

Iron deposition in the human brain tissue occurs in the process of normal aging and in many
neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated iron levels in certain brain regions are also an …

Oxidative status may play a role in chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration which are
considered critical etiopathogenetic factors in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), both in the early …