Protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor
that responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Once activated, PERK initiates …

Doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively applied in cancer therapy due to its efficacy in suppressing
cancer progression and inducing apoptosis. After its discovery, this chemotherapeutic agent …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the major course of joint deterioration, in which M1 macrophage-driven
synovitis exacerbates the pathological process. However, precise therapies for M1 …

Lignin, the most abundant natural and sustainable phenolic compound in biomass, has
exhibited medicinal values due to its biological activities decided by physicochemical …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving joints, with clinical
manifestations of joint inflammation, bone damage and cartilage destruction, joint …

Ferroptosis is one of the newly discovered forms of cell-regulated death characterized by
iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Extensive research has focused on the roles of ferroptosis …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common articular degenerative disease characterized by loss of
cartilage matrix and subchondral bone sclerosis. Kartogenin (KGN) has been reported to …

Control of excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress could provide new targets for both
preventive and therapeutic interventions in the treatment of chronic inflammation or any …

Abstract Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) protects against neuronal apoptosis
induced by cerebral ischemia. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the …

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenol compound abundant in green plants with
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we explore its protective effects and …