The tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) always occur together and exclusively in tobacco …

DNA alkylation or adduct formation occurs at nucleophilic sites in DNA, mainly the N7-
position of guanine. Ever since identification of the first N7-guanine adduct, several hundred …

E-cigarette smoke delivers stimulant nicotine as aerosol without tobacco or the burning
process. It contains neither carcinogenic incomplete combustion byproducts nor tobacco …

Exposure to endogenous and exogenous chemicals can lead to the formation of structurally
modified DNA bases (DNA adducts). If not repaired, these nucleobase lesions can cause …

Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the method of choice for
analysis of covalent modification of DNA. DNA adductomics is an extension of this approach …

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and the link between oncogenes
activation, tumor supressors inactivation and bioenergetics modulation is well established …

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a
potent pulmonary carcinogen in laboratory animals. It is classified as a Group 1 human …

Development of high-resolution/accurate mass liquid chromatography-coupled tandem
mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) methodology enables the characterization of covalently …

Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 7000 chemicals, of which many are toxic
and/or carcinogenic. Many hazard assessments of tobacco have focused on individual …

(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is metabolized to enantiomers of 4-
(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), found in the urine of virtually all people …