Clinical trials have demonstrated the capacity for dopamine neurons, transplanted
ectopically into the striatum, to structurally integrate, restore dopamine transmission, and …

Cripto is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored coreceptor that binds Nodal and the
activin type I (ALK)-4 receptor, and is involved in cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic …

Background Neuropathic pain is a major pathology of the central nervous system associated
with neuroinflammation. Ryk (receptor-like tyrosine kinase) receptors act as repulsive axon …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, the most characteristic
pathological feature is the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia …

Wnt proteins are emerging key regulators of the plasticity and functions of adult brains.
However, the mechanisms by which the expression of Wnt proteins is regulated in neurons …

The leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2/dardarin) is implicated in autosomal dominant
familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD); mutations in LRRK2 account for up to 40 …

The importance of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) to mature neurons is well-
established, since mutations in PARK8, the gene encoding LRRK2, are the most common …

Aims: Cells have evolved a highly sophisticated web of cytoprotective systems to neutralize
unwanted oxidative stress, but are challenged by unique modern day stresses such as …

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons hold potential for
treating Parkinson's disease (PD) through cell replacement therapy. Generation of DA …

Human fetal midbrain tissue grafting has provided proof-of-concept for dopamine cell
replacement therapy (CRT) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, limited tissue availability …