Abstract The FOXP3+ CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells located in non-lymphoid tissues differ
in phenotype and function from their lymphoid organ counterparts. Tissue Treg cells have …

More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk
of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more …

A Western-style, high-fat diet promotes cardiovascular disease, in part because it is rich in
choline, which is converted to trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota. However, whether …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing in prevalence owing to
decreases in physical activity levels and a shift to diets that include addictive and/or high …

Acquisition of the intestinal microbiota begins at birth, and a stable microbial community
develops from a succession of key organisms. Disruption of the microbiota during maturation …

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial disease
accounting for a large and increasing proportion of all clinical HF presentations. As a clinical …

Over the last two decades, it has become evident that estrogens preserve the integrity of
energy homeostasis at central and peripheral levels. Estrogen deficiency, such as that …

Abstract Purpose of Review As the ongoing epidemic of adult and childhood obesity grows,
it puts a greater burden on individuals and the healthcare system due to increased …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world.
High levels of free fatty acids in the liver impair hepatic lysosomal acidification and reduce …

The pathology of type 2 diabetes is complex, with multiple stages culminating in a functional
β‐cell mass that is insufficient to meet the body's needs. Although the broad outlines of the …