Evaluation of hematuria and microscopic examination of urine sediment are commonly used
tools by nephrologists in their assessment of glomerular diseases. Certain morphological …

The complement system comprises the frontline of the innate immune system. Triggered by
pathogenic surface patterns in different pathways, the cascade concludes with the formation …

Abstract Introduction: C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is an ultrarare, chronic and progressive
nephropathy mediated by dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement (AP), with …

The complement system is composed of a complex protein network and is pivotal to innate
immunity. Complement 3 (C3) is a critical protein in the complement cascade and …

Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), a rare glomerular disease mediated by alternative
complement pathway dysregulation, is associated with a high rate of recurrence and graft …

Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is an important cause of nephrotic syndrome and
chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the adult population. Although the discovery of different …

Although rare, C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is increasingly recognized thanks to the currently
available diagnostic skills. C3G is not a single disease but a group of disorders with distinct …

This chapter discusses the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that affect the kidneys.
The human immune system has the ability to distinguish self and nonself antigens via a …

CFHR5 nephropathy is a type of clinical C3 glomerulopathy, which is a monogenic genetic
disease caused by the internal replication of CFHR5 gene, a protein related to the …

Abstract Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is an ultra-rare, progressive kidney disease
resulting from dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Clinical presentation of …