Executive summary Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-
communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to …

Background Appropriate interpretation of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) involves the
classification of observed values as within/outside the normal range based on a reference …

Chronic cough is globally prevalent across all age groups. This disorder is challenging to
treat because many pulmonary and extrapulmonary conditions can present with chronic …

Background Evidence suggests lungs as the organ most affected by coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19). The literature on previous coronavirus infections reports that patients may …

Gallic acid (GA), also known as 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a natural secondary
metabolite and widely isolated from various fruits, plants and nuts. In recent years, GA has …

Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly
susceptible from respiratory exacerbations from viral respiratory tract infections. However, it …

The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human
lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and risk factors for
mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Mexico, given that it …

Bronchiectasis refers to both a clinical disease and a radiological appearance that has
multiple causes and can be associated with a range of conditions. Disease heterogeneity …

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest
threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted …