Host–microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system.
Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this …

In this Review, I present evidence supporting a multifactorial causation of childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a major subtype of paediatric cancer. ALL evolves in two …

Helminths are extraordinarily successful parasites due to their ability to modulate the host
immune response. They have evolved a spectrum of immunomodulatory molecules that are …

The immunology of the hygiene hypothesis of allergy is complex and involves the loss of
cellular and humoral immunoregulatory pathways as a result of the adoption of a Western …

Hookworms are soil-transmitted nematode parasites that can reside for many years in the
small intestine of their human hosts; Necator americanus is the predominant infecting …

Helminths have evolved to become experts at subverting immune surveillance. Through
potent and persistent immune tempering, helminths can remain undetected in human …

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, hookworms in particular, have evolved to cause minimal
harm to their hosts, allowing them to establish chronic infections. This is mediated by …

Helminth parasites are complex metazoans that belong to different taxonomic families but
that collectively share the capacity to downregulate the host immune response directed …

There is increasing interest in helminth parasite modulation of the immune system, both from
the fundamental perspective of the “arms race” between host and parasite, and equally …

Parasitic helminths have coevolved with humans over millennia, intricately refining and
developing an array of mechanisms to suppress or skew the host's immune system, thereby …