This chapter reviews the ecological conditions that favor the evolution of plasticity, and the
costs and limits that constrain the evolution of plasticity. Variable environments tend to select …

Highlights•Acclimation capacity is critically important for thermal tolerance of
insects.•Thermal acclimation is unlikely to rescue species currently challenged by global …

Abstract Background Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea are major caterpillar pests
of Old and New World agriculture, respectively. Both, particularly H. armigera, are extremely …

Physiological plasticity and adaptive evolution may facilitate persistence in a changing
environment. As a result, there is an interest in understanding species' capacities for plastic …

Highlights•Phenotypic plasticity can influence the rate of evolution of insects.•The rate of
evolution will depend on how plasticity alters the strength of selection.•The response to …

Trade‐offs may influence both physiological and evolutionary responses to co‐occurring
stressors, but their effects on both plastic and adaptive responses to climate change are …

Body size is a key functional trait that is predicted to decline under warming. Warming is
known to cause size declines via phenotypic plasticity, but evolutionary responses of body …

Temperatures are increasing due to global changes, putting biodiversity at risk. Organisms
are faced with a limited set of options to cope with this situation: adapt, disperse or die. We …

Adaptive evolution is critical for animal populations to thrive in the fast-changing natural
environments. Ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to global warming and, although their …

Although studies quantifying evolutionary change in response to the selective pressures that
organisms face in the wild have demonstrated that organisms can evolve rapidly, we lack a …