Studies of phenotypic plasticity frequently ask how organisms respond to a change in their
environment, but most organisms do not experience single environmental changes …

Background Among higher terrestrial organisms we consider it selfevident that interactions
are not only influenced by visual signals, but that also olfactory and auditory senses are …

Fish introductions are considered one of the most widespread anthropogenic threats to
aquatic ecosystems. Their negative impact on native amphibian communities has received …

Taxa that are divided into separate populations with low levels of interpopulation dispersal
have the potential to evolve genetically based differences in their phenotypes and the …

Predators commonly induce phenotypic changes that make prey better at surviving
predation at the cost of reduced growth. While we have a good understanding of how trait …

Variation in behavior, morphology and life history traits of larval anurans across predator
gradients, and consequences of that variation, have been abundantly studied. Yet the …

Induced defences, such as the predator avoidance morphologies in amphibians, result from
spatial or temporal variability in predation risk. One important component of this variability …

Predator-prey interactions govern the evolution of many behavioral and morphological traits
of aquatic animals. In aquatic environments, chemical cues reliably allow prey to assess and …

Effective and efficient predator recognition and avoidance are essential for the persistence
of prey populations, especially in habitats where non‐native predators have been …

Predation pressure during early life stages is often high, but few studies have examined
antipredator responses at these stages. We studied the effects of an egg predator (leech …