Background The prevalence of food allergy is increasing, and allergen avoidance continues
to be the main standard of care. There is a critical need for safe and effective forms of …

In recent decades, a rapid increase in the prevalence of food allergies has led to extensive
research on novel treatment strategies and their mechanisms. Mouse models have provided …

Aim: Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) with peanut has been demonstrated to be safe
but efficacy may be limited by allergen uptake through the skin barrier. To enhance allergen …

Allergy is a disorder owing to hyperimmune responses to a particular kind of substance like
food and the disease remains a serious healthcare burden worldwide. This unpleasant and …

Background More effective and safer immunotherapies to manage peanut allergy are in
great demand despite extensive investigation of sublingual/oral immunotherapy and …

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disease that is
induced by allergen introduction to the nasal mucosa, which triggers an inflammatory …

Microbiota is essential to the development and functional maturation of the immune system.
The effects of the gut microbiota on myeloid cells remote from the gut, especially the skin …

Intradermal (ID) immunization is of increasing interest due to the easy accessibility and
excellent immunogenic properties of the skin. Among ID immunization methods, dissolving …

Background In allergology, the intradermal approach is generally used to establish an
aetiological diagnosis, with limited experience in specific allergen immunotherapy. Objective …

Background IncobotulinumtoxinA has been previously used for the treatment of lateral
periorbital lines (crow's feet). However, a standardized injection technique has not been …