PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein-1) and PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1)
play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preventing autoimmunity. Cancer …

Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) account for 5~ 10% of all cancer diagnosis. Lynch
syndrome (LS) is one of the most common HCS, caused by germline mutations in the DNA …

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), expressed in dysfunctional
and exhausted T cells, has been widely acknowledged as a promising immune checkpoint …

The BTLA-HVEM complex plays a pivotal role in cancer and cancer immunotherapy by
regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of BTLA and HVEM expression contributes to …

Development of small molecules targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 interface is advancing both in
industry and academia, but only a few have reached early-stage clinical trials. Here, we take …

The programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) acts as a T-cell brake, and its interaction with
ligand-1 (PD-L-1) interferes with signal transduction of the T-cell receptor. This leads to …

Primary cutaneous melanoma is the most lethal of all skin neoplasms and its incidence is
increasing. Clinical management of advanced melanoma in the last decade has been …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment
success. Despite efforts, the prognosis remains poor, impacting patients' quality of life …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. The
number of cases increased by 2.26 million in 2020, making it the most commonly diagnosed …

In recent years, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting PD-L1 have been licensed
by the FDA for use in the treatment of cancer, demonstrating the effectiveness of blocking …