Recent advances in 3D printing offer a prospective avenue for producing transplantable
human tissues with complex geometries; however, the appropriate 3D‐printed scaffolds …

Currently, bone defect repair is still an intractable clinical problem. Numerous treatments
have been performed, but their clinical results are unsatisfactory. As a key element of cell …

Recently, stem cells and their secretomes have attracted great attention in biomedical
applications, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secretomes of cells for cell-to …

Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles of endosomal origin, responsible for cellular
communication. Depending on the cell type, exosomes display disparity in the cargo and are …

Abstract Harnessing three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted extracellular vesicles (EVs) holds
great promise for advancing the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. EVs …

With the rapid development of population ageing, bone-related diseases seriously affecting
the life of the elderly. Over the past few years, organoids, cell clusters with specific functions …

The construction of vascularized tissue-engineered bone (VTEB) has been a promising
alternative for bone defect repair but remains a remarkable challenge. To date, there have …

With the global escalation of the aging process, the number of patients with bone diseases is
increasing year by year. Currently, there are limited effective treatments for bone diseases …

The regeneration of weight-bearing bone defects and critical-sized cartilage defects remains
a significant challenge. A wide range of nano-biomaterials are available for the treatment of …

Exosome-based strategies constitute a promising tool for therapeutics, avoiding potential
immunogenic and tumorigenic side-effects of cell therapies. However, the collection of a …