Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life
on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability …

Climate change is a major concern for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century, as it
has an impact on crop production and soil fertility, which may increase the risk of famine. Of …

Climate change significantly affects plant growth and productivity by causing different biotic
and abiotic stresses to plants. Among the different abiotic stresses, at the top of the list are …

Salinity stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that influence critical metabolic
processes in the plant. Salinity stress limits plant growth and development by adversely …

Due to their sessile state, plants are inevitably affected by and respond to the external
environment. So far, plants have developed multiple adaptation and regulation strategies to …

Climate change is a major threat to crop productivity that negatively affects food security
worldwide. Increase in global temperatures are usually accompanied by drought, flooding …

Plants' resistance to stress factors is a complex trait that is a result of changes at the
molecular, metabolic, and physiological levels. The plant resistance strategy means the …

In recent years, the adverse effect of climate change on soil properties in the agricultural
sector has become a dreadful reality worldwide. Climate change-induced abiotic stresses …

Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures are a
major constraint that negatively affect growth and productivity of horticultural plants. In order …

Increasing food demand by the growing human population and declining crop productivity
due to climate change affect global food security. To meet the challenges, developing …