Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling
pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth …

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and the neurotrophin nerve growth factor
(NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are important for the survival …

The binding and catalytic functions of proteins are generally mediated by a small number of
functional residues held in place by the overall protein structure. Here, we describe deep …

The design of proteins that bind to a specific site on the surface of a target protein using no
information other than the three-dimensional structure of the target remains a challenge …

Recent structural studies of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have revealed unexpected
diversity in the mechanisms of their activation by growth factor ligands. Strategies for …

Four major receptor families enable cells to respond to chemical and physical signals from
their proximal environment. The ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled …

▪ Abstract Neurotrophins regulate development, maintenance, and function of vertebrate
nervous systems. Neurotrophins activate two different classes of receptors, the Trk family of …

▪ Abstract Trk receptors are a family of three receptor tyrosine kinases, each of which can be
activated by one or more of four neurotrophins—nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived …

Neurotrophins are a family of closely related proteins that were identified initially as survival
factors for sensory and sympathetic neurons, and have since been shown to control many …

The neurotrophins are a family of closely related proteins that were first identified as survival
factors for sympathetic and sensory neurons and have since been shown to control a …