DIABETES mellitus is simply defined on the basis of hyperglycemia. It is, however, a highly
heterogeneous disease. A major advance was made in the late 1960s when insulin …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes severe loss of
pancreatic β cells. Autoreactive T cells are key mediators of β cell destruction. Studies of …

To address the mechanisms of tolerance to extrathymic proteins, we have generated
transgenic mice expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) …

We constructed a transgenic mouse model that mimics the human autoimmune disease
multiple sclerosis in its spontaneous induction and pathology. Transgenic mice were …

We investigated the potential association between viruses and insulin-dependent(type 1)
diabetes (IDDM) by developing a transgenic mouse model. By inserting into these mice a …

Immunological self-tolerance is ensured by eliminating or inhibiting self-reactive lymphocyte
clones, creating physical or functional holes in the B-and T-lymphocyte antigen receptor …

Current models suggest that T cells that receive only signal-1 through antigenic stimulation
of the T cell receptor (TCR) become anergic, but will mount an immune response when a …

By generating two types of transgenic mice we have investigated how extrathymic events
can contribute to self tolerance. The major histocompatibility complex class I gene Kb was …

Invariant chain (li) is a nonpolymorphic glycoprotein that associates with major
histocompatibility complex class II molecules and has been shown to mediate several …

The transfer of genetic information into mouse embryos to stably alter the genetic
constitution of mice is affording new insights into and opportunities in a wide variety of …