Despite evidence suggesting women are disproportionately affected by the lack of adequate
and safe sanitation facilities around the world, there is limited information about the factors …

Background Water insecurity and inadequate sanitation have adverse impacts on the mental
health of individuals. Objective To review and synthesize evidence on the relationship …

Qualitative research has documented menstruator's challenges, particularly in water and
sanitation poor environments, but quantitative assessment is limited. We created and …

Background Human exposure to animal feces is increasingly recognized as an important
transmission route of enteric pathogens. Yet, there are no consistent or standardized …

While access to safe sanitation is a global issue, there are large disparities in access.
Women living in informal settlements, in particular, are disproportionately affected by lack of …

Two billion people globally lack access to a basic toilet. While improving sanitation reduces
infectious disease, toilet users often identify privacy, safety and dignity as more important …

Shared sanitation is not currently accepted within the international normative definitions of
“basic” or “safely managed” sanitation. We argue that pro-poor government strategies and …

Objective There is a lack of research on experiences of WASH-related violence. This study
aims to quantify the association between experience or worry of violence when using the …

Exposure to fecal pathogens results in both acute and chronic sequalae in young children.
Diarrhea causes nearly 20% of all under-five mortality, while even sub-clinical enteric …

Objectives The Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS) is a comprehensive measure of
menstrual self-care experience including access to sufficient, comfortable materials to catch …