While the presence of multiple systemic steroids, amines and peptides in saliva has been
reported, other hormones of the circulation do not appear in saliva. Substances present …

Background: This study deals with the physiological effects of an oral bolus of essential
amino acids (AA) on the secretion of insulin, ghrelin and leptin in fasting humans. Methods …

Background: Since the discovery of autonomous leptin production in salivary glands, very
few studies have reported on the physiological or pathological meaning of this particular …

This contribution aims to show the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the
salivary glands as entity for the production of saliva, and to present the composition of the …

Aim This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare adipokines' levels in
gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva between individuals with obesity and individuals …

Obesity has a prevalence of 15–30% among European and American populations. It is an
incurable chronic disease associated with considerable mortality and co-morbidity. The co …

Background C1q/tumour necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) plays important roles in
metabolism and inflammatory responses in various cells and tissues. However, the …

The presence of leptin (OB) and soluble OB receptor (s-OB-R) in gingival tissue extract and
gingival crevicular fluid has led the studies investigating the relationship between OB and …

Objectives Juvenile obesity is a complex clinical condition that is present more and more
frequently in the daily orthodontic practice. Over-weighted patients have an impaired bone …

Leptin is a hormone secreted by the gastric mucosa into the lumen of the stomach. It is
present in its intact form in the intestine where it regulates nutrient absorption and intestinal …