Understanding the brain circuitry that underlies reward is critical to improve treatment for
many common health issues, including obesity, depression, and addiction. Here we focus …

Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, and progress in
understanding the neurobiology of depression is slow. Several promising hypotheses of …

Physical exercise improves motor performance in individuals with Parkinson9s disease and
elevates mood in those with depression. Although underlying factors have not been …

The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two
subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 …

Quantitative genetic studies (ie, twin and adoption studies) suggest that genetic influences
contribute substantially to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) …

While stressful life events are an important cause of psychopathology, most individuals
exposed to adversity maintain normal psychological functioning. The molecular mechanisms …

Mice experiencing repeated aggression develop a long-lasting aversion to social contact,
which can be normalized by chronic, but not acute, administration of antidepressant. Using …

The neural circuitry that mediates mood under normal and abnormal conditions remains
incompletely understood. Most attention in the field has focused on hippocampal and frontal …

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies indicate that experimentation with addictive drugs and
onset of addictive disorders is primarily concentrated in adolescence and young adulthood …

Studies of human addicts and behavioural studies in rodent models of addiction indicate that
key behavioural abnormalities associated with addiction are extremely long lived. So …