Early-onset parkinsonism (EO parkinsonism), defined as subjects with disease onset before
the age of 40 or 50 years, can be the main clinical presentation of a variety of conditions that …

Inorganic phosphate is a vital constituent of cells and cell membranes, body fluids, and hard
tissues. It is a major intracellular divalent anion, participates in many genetic, energy and …

Microglia play critical roles in tissue homeostasis and can also modulate neuronal function
and synaptic connectivity. In contrast to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which arise from …

Fahr syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symmetrical, bilateral
calcifications in the basal ganglia, nucleus gyrus and cerebral cortex. The continuous …

Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness characterized by recurrent manic and depressive
episodes. To better understand its genetic architecture, we analyze ultra-rare de novo …

Purpose of review There is growing interest in disorders involved in ectopic mineralization.
Fahr disease or idiopathic basal ganglia calcification can serve as a model for ectopic …

Objective Calcifications in basal ganglia could be an incidental finding up to 20% of
asymptomatic patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance …

(1) Background: Primary Familial Brain Calcification (PFBC) is a neurodegenerative disease
characterized by bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia and other intracranial areas …

Ectopic mineralization-inappropriate biomineralization in soft tissues-is a frequent finding in
physiological aging processes and several common disorders, which can be associated …

Objective: Rare disease Background: Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, also known as
Fahr's disease or Fahr's syndrome, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by …