Introduction: Several types of D2R and D1R heteroreceptor complexes were discovered in
the indirect and direct pathways of the striatum, respectively. The hypothesis is given that …

GABA and glutamate, the main transmitters in the basal ganglia, exert their effects through
ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. The dynamic activation of these receptors in …

The extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain increases dramatically during
ischemia. Adenosine A2A receptor is expressed in neurons and glial cells and in …

Imaging genetics is a method used to detect associations between imaging and genetic
variables. Some researchers have used sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) for …

The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is highly enriched in the striatum where it is uniquely
positioned to integrate dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and other signals to modulate …

The therapeutic potential of targeting adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) is immense due to
their broad expression in the body and central nervous system. The role of A2ARs in …

Adenosine, by acting on adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, exerts opposite modulatory roles
on striatal extracellular levels of glutamate and dopamine, with activation of A1 inhibiting …

Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are divided into two subpopulations exerting distinct
effects on motor behavior. Transgenic mice carrying bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) …

Basal ganglia processing results from a balanced activation of direct and indirect striatal
efferent pathways, which are controlled by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, respectively …

The risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a lower intake of caffeine, a non-
selective adenosine A2A antagonist. In agreement, genetic or pharmacological inactivation …