Anuran tongue-muscle motoneurons receive excitatory inputs both from the
glossopharyngeal nerve afferents and from the optic tectum. As a step toward elucidating the …

The relationship between the gustatory input and motor output in the glossopharyngeo-hypoglossal
reflex was analyzed on Page 1 Japanese Journal of Physiology, 36, 189-208, 1986 Gustatory …

The possible interaction among different sensory units in the frog tongue was studied using
several single papillae dually innervated by the medial and lateral branches of the …

Anuran tongue is controlled by visual stimuli for releasing the prey-catching behavior
('snapping') and also by the intra-oral stimuli for eliciting the lingual reflex. To elucidate the …

The responses of 216 neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the American
bullfrog were recorded following taste, temperature, and tactile stimulation. Cells were …

In the frog cerebellar cortex, electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve
induced negative field potentials with a peak latency of 57 ms whose distribution was …

Cobaltic‐lysine complex was used to label the afferent and efferent components of the
glossopharyngeal nerve in the ganglion and brainstem of the Mexican salamander, axolotl …

The bulbar potentials evoked by afferent volleys in the bullfrog glossopharyngeal nerve and
in its 2 distal branches were studied. Following supramaximal electric stimulation of the …

We investigated the relationship between the membrane potential of frog taste cells in the
fungiform papillae and the tonic discharge of parasympathetic efferent fibers in the …

The hypoglossal motor nucleus is one of the efferent components of the neural network
underlying the tongue prehension behavior of Ranid frogs. Although the appropriate pattern …