Steroid hormones influence different aspects of brain function, including development,
neurogenesis, neuronal excitability, and plasticity, thus affecting emotional states, cognition …

Longitudinal menstrual cycle studies allow to investigate the effects of ovarian hormones on
brain organization. Here, we use spectral dynamic causal modelling (spDCM) in a triple …

Animal studies have robustly shown hormone related changes in spine density in various
brain areas, specifically the hippocampus. Literature on hormone dependent gray matter …

Previous neuroimaging research has demonstrated that female gonadal hormones can alter
the structure and function of adult women's brains. So far, we do not know how hormonal …

It has been difficult to find robust brain structural correlates of the overall severity of major
depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that specific symptoms may better reveal …

The rate of affective disorder is substantially higher in women than in men, and considerable
evidence points to the actions of ovarian hormones in mediating this disparity. In this …

Progestins are an important component of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) and hormone
replacement therapies (HRTs). Despite an increasing number of studies elucidating the …

Objectives Synaptic plasticity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling are
proposed to play key roles in antidepressant drug action. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D …

Oral contraceptive (OC) effects on the brain have gained increasing interest, but are highly
controversial. Previous studies suggest that OC users have larger hippocampi …

Research on hormonal contraceptives (HC) in animal models is lacking, and as a result, so
is our understanding of the impact of HC on the brain and behavior. Here, we provide a …