The environmental effects of conventional fossil fuels used in maritime sector is a well-
studied subject and various methods, ie hull optimization, engine modifications, alternative …

To improve energy efficiency of ships, initiatives have been taken by the international and
regional regulatory bodies, ship owners, shipping lines, and other involved stakeholders …

Due to little industrial use of plastic waste recycling, over 200 million tons are thrown in
landfills and more than 15 million tons end up in the ocean every year. This study aimed to …

This comprehensive analysis of 1121 research and review articles published in 462 journals
listed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases during 1990–2021 provides measurable …

The ship fuel consumption (SFC) model is crucial for research on ship energy efficiency
simulation, optimisation, and carbon emission prediction. In this study, the bibliometric tool …

Diesel and gasoline are the most used fossil fuels due to their high energy release and low
cost for engines. However, the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse gases has caused …

Abstract The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has placed stricter controls on
several aspects of global maritime transport operations to protect the environment. In light of …

This study investigates the effect of financial structure on renewable energy consumption in
G20 countries, further categorized into BRICS, G7, developed, and developing countries. It …

With rapid industrialization, rising fossil fuel consumption, and environmental concerns,
developing clean and green energy is an inescapable option. Hydrogen has emerged as a …

Shipping emissions are expected to grow together with world trade. For this reason, the
European Union is targeting shipping emissions both by penalizing the use of fossil fuels …