Glutathione (GSH) is an important member of cellular antioxidative system. In cancer cells, a
high level of GSH is indispensable to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence
worldwide. Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat …

Protein handling, modification and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are tightly
regulated processes that determine cell function, fate and survival. In several tumour types …

As knowledge of cell metabolism has advanced, glutamine has been considered an
important amino acid that supplies carbon and nitrogen to fuel biosynthesis. A recent study …

Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth
and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative …

Cancer cells characteristically consume glucose through Warburg metabolism, a process
that forms the basis of tumour imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Tumour …

The metabolic characteristics of tumors present considerable hurdles to immune cell
function and cancer immunotherapy. Using a glutamine antagonist, we metabolically …

Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between
cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular …

Tumors display reprogrammed metabolic activities that promote cancer progression. We
currently possess a limited understanding of the processes governing tumor metabolism in …

Rapidly proliferating tumor and immune cells need metabolic programs that support energy
and biomass production. The amino acid glutamine is consumed by effector T cells and …