Stress is commonly regarded as an important trigger for relapse and a significant factor that
promotes increased motivation to drink in some individuals. However, the relationship …

The main characteristic of alcohol use disorder is the consumption of large quantities of
alcohol despite the negative consequences. The transition from the moderate use of alcohol …

Growing evidence indicates that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is involved in
the neurobiology of addictive behaviors, and GLP-1 analogues may be used for the …

Although women appear to be more vulnerable to alcohol-induced pathophysiology than
men, the neurobiological basis for sex differences is largely unknown, partially because …

Evidence suggests that spironolactone, a nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)
antagonist, modulates alcohol seeking and consumption. Therefore, spironolactone may …

The central amygdala (CeA) contains a diverse population of cells, including multiple
subtypes of GABAergic neurons, along with glia and epithelial cells. Specific CeA cell types …

Alcoholism, or alcohol use disorder, is a major public health concern that is a considerable
risk factor for morbidity and disability; therefore, effective treatments are urgently needed …

The activation of a neuronal ensemble in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) during
alcohol withdrawal has been hypothesized to induce high levels of alcohol drinking in …

One of the major functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is to promote flexible motivated
behavior. It is no surprise, therefore, that recent work has demonstrated a prominent impact …

Intravenous drug self-administration is considered the “gold standard” model to investigate
the neurobiology of drug addiction in rodents. However, its use in mice is limited by frequent …