The post-translational modification (eg, phosphorylation) of estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays
a role in controlling the expression and subcellular localization of ERα as well as its …

Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) confer diverse functions on their target proteins. The modified
proteins are involved in various biological processes, including DNA replication, signal …

Intestinal Paneth cells are professional exocrine cells that play crucial roles in maintenance
of homeostatic microbiome, modulation of mucosal immunity, and support for stem cell self …

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a major driver of lymphangiogenesis in
embryos and adults. Vegfc gene deletion in mouse embryos results in failure of …

Ufmylation is a type of post-translational modification that deals with complex and fine-tuned
cellular activities. This modification proceeds mainly through a three-step enzymatic reaction …

Early myoclonic epilepsy (EME) or Aicardi syndrome is one of the most severe epileptic
syndromes affecting neonates. We performed whole exome sequencing in a sporadic case …

Modification of proteins by the ubiquitin-like protein, UFM1, requires activation of UFM1 by
the E1-activating enzyme, UBA5. In humans, UBA5 possesses two isoforms, each …

The ubiquitin‐fold modifier 1 (UFM 1)‐system, a ubiquitin‐like protein conjugation system, is
involved in the development of breast cancer and several hereditary neurological …

E1 enzymes activate ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl) via an adenylate intermediate
and initiate the enzymatic cascade of Ubl conjugation to target proteins or lipids. Ubiquitin …

While studies of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes in knockout models have led to an
explosion of knowledge about the functions of autophagy components, the exact roles of …