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In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for
photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation. Post …

Mitochondrial β-barrel proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and must be
specifically targeted to the organelle before their integration into the mitochondrial outer …

Monolignols are the building blocks for lignin polymerization in the apoplastic domain.
Monolignol biosynthesis, transport, storage, glycosylation, and deglycosylation are the main …

The insertion of organellar membrane proteins with the correct topology requires the
following: First, the proteins must contain topogenic signals for translocation across and …

Two envelope membranes delimit plastids, the defining organelles of plant cells. The inner
and outer envelope membranes are unique in their protein and lipid composition. Several …

Extant eukaryotes are highly compartmentalized and have integrated endosymbionts as
organelles, namely mitochondria and plastids in plants. During evolution, organellar …

Photosynthesis is among the first processes negatively affected by environmental cues and
its performance directly determines plant cell fitness and ultimately crop yield. Primarily sites …

Key message We described identification, expression, subcellular localization, and functions
of genes that encode fatty acid desaturase enzymes in Perilla frutescens var. frutescens …

Numerous proteins require a metallic co-factor for their function. In plastids, the maturation of
iron–sulfur (Fe–S) proteins necessitates a complex assembly machinery. In this study, we …