In recent times, machine learning has become increasingly prominent in predictive
toxicology as it has shifted from in vivo studies toward in silico studies. Currently, in vitro …

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body with largest mass of glandular
tissue. Modeling the liver has been challenging due to its variety of major functions …

The efficacy of chemotherapeutic procedures relies on delivering proper concentrations of
anti-cancer drugs in the tumor surroundings, so as to prevent potential side effects on …

In the literature, it is widely discussed whether the pharmaceutical industry is going through
an innovation crisis. Unfortunately, no comprehensive review exists to date that outlines the …

Alongside the success of protein-based bio-therapeutics over the last decades and
facilitated by advances both in protein engineering and manufacturing, new product formats …

Biologics may be subjected to various destabilizing conditions during manufacturing,
transportation, storage, and use. Therefore, biologics must be appropriately formulated to …

Targeted therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders requires selective modulation of
dysfunctional neuronal pathways. Receptors relevant to CNS disorders typically have …

Despite enormous efforts, achieving efficacious levels of proteins inside mammalian cells
remains one of the greatest challenges in biologics-based drug discovery and development …

Introduction: Biotherapeutics are primarily delivered subcutaneously due to better
compliance and prolonged rate of absorption compared to other parenteral administration …

To improve liquid formulation stability, formulators employ various excipients designed to
stabilize protein drugs, including buffers, salts, sugars, and surfactants. One of the roles of …