Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerosis the
principal factor underlying cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory …

IgA nephropathy, initially described in 1968 as a kidney disease with glomerular
“intercapillary deposits of IgA-IgG”, has no disease-specific treatment and is a common …

Positive selection of germinal center (GC) B cells is driven by B cell receptor (BCR) affinity
and requires help from follicular T helper cells. The transcription factors c-Myc and Foxo1 …

T follicular helper (TFH) cells are critical for B cell activation in germinal centers and are
often observed in human inflamed tissue. However, it is difficult to know if they contribute in …

The immune system plays an important role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation
and the resultant metabolic dysfunction, which can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and …

The function of lymphocytes is dependent on their plasticity, particularly their adaptation to
energy availability and environmental stress, and their protein synthesis machinery …

Secondary immunodeficiencies occur as a consequence of various diseases, including
hematological malignancies, and the use of pharmacological therapies, such as …

Epidermal cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), which has
been considered as a cancer vaccine candidate. The EpCAM protein fused to the fragment …

Follicular helper CD4 T cells, TFH, residing in B-cell follicles within secondary lymphoid
tissues, are readily infected by AIDS viruses and are a major source of persistent virus …

Ab maturation as well as memory B and plasma cell differentiation occur primarily in the
germinal centers (GCs). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may develop as a result of …