Background and Objectives In our previous proof‐of‐principle study, transcranial
photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064‐nm laser was reported to significantly increase …

Despite many efforts, the pathophysiology and mechanism of blast-induced traumatic brain
injury (bTBI) have not yet been elucidated, partially due to the difficulty of real-time diagnosis …

We have reported previously that, in otherwise physiological conditions, spreading
depression (SD) can be visualized directly by using a fluorescent, voltage-sensitive (VS) …

Brain tissue is highly vulnerable to ischemia/hypoxia, and real-time monitoring of its viability
is important. By fiber-based measurements for rat brain, we previously observed a unique …

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been extensively used for characterization of
biological tissues as a noninvasive optical technique to evaluate the optical properties of …

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using a fiber optic probe is a promising technique for
evaluating the optical properties of biological tissue. We herein present a method for …

Spreading depression (SD) is characterized by a sustained near-complete depolarization of
neurons, a massive depolarization of glia, and a negative deflection of the extracellular DC …

Measurement of intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) is an attractive technique for monitoring
tissue viability in brains since it enables noninvasive, real-time monitoring of morphological …

To understand brain functions, it is important to observe directly how multiple neural circuits
are performing in living brains. However, due to tissue opaqueness, observable depth and …

A light-scattering signal, which is sensitive to cellular/subcellular structural integrity, is a
potential indicator of brain tissue viability because metabolic energy is used in part to …