The mitochondrial electron transport chain utilizes a series of electron transfer reactions to
generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. A consequence of electron …

Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a
majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional …

Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the
formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as …

ABSTRACT Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1 (HIF‐1) has been largely studied for its role in cell
survival in hypoxic conditions. The regulation of HIF‐1 is a complex process and involves a …

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the
regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures …

The mechanistic properties of two dietary antioxidants that are required by humans, vitamins
C and E, are discussed relative to their biological effects. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an …

The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) by mammalian mitochondria is important
because it underlies oxidative damage in many pathologies and contributes to retrograde …

Hypoxia and free radicals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, can alter the
function and/or activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). Interplay …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. During the development
of cardiovascular diseases, hypoxia plays a crucial role. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are …

Through a poorly understood mechanism, tumors respond to radiation by secreting
cytokines capable of inhibiting apoptosis in endothelial cells, thereby diminishing treatment …