Active Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–dependent pathways contribute to the
malignant phenotype of glioblastoma multiformes (GBM). Here we show that the Ras …

Mitochondria are proposed to play an important role in hypoxic cell signaling. One currently
accepted signaling paradigm is that the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species …

Hypoxiainducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional complex that mediates a broad range of
cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia. Analysis of HIF-α subunits has demonstrated …

Nitric oxide (NO) holds great promise as a treatment for cancer hypoxia, if its concentration
and localization can be precisely controlled. Here, we report a “Trojan Horse” strategy to …

Significance: Mitochondria utilize most of the oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate via
electron transfer coupled with oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia undoubtedly induces …

Skin plays an essential role, mediated in part by its remarkable vascular plasticity, in
adaptation to environmental stimuli. Certain vertebrates, such as amphibians, respond to …

Over a quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb),
the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Approximately 3.4% of new and 18% of recurrent …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic signalling molecule that binds to cytochrome c oxidase
(complex IV) reversibly and in competition with oxygen,,. This action of NO has both …

Aims: Asthma, characterized by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness, is more
severe and less responsive to treatment in obese subjects. While alterations in …

For S-nitrosothiols and peroxynitrite to interfere with the activity of mitochondrial complex I,
prior transition of the enzyme from its active (A) to its deactive, dormant (D) state is …