Cold tolerance is important in defining the distribution of insects. Here, we review the
principal physiological mechanisms underlying homeostatic failure during cold exposure in …

Water is usually thought to be required for the living state, but numerous organisms are
nevertheless capable of surviving essentially complete dehydra tion. They commonly …

Low temperature represents, together with drought and salt stress, one of the most important
environmental constraints limiting the pro ductivity and the distribution of plants on the Earth …

New research on the cooling and cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa is reviewed
in the context of the older literature. Cryoinjury to a variety of cell organelles is regarded as …

Preservation of female genetics is currently done primarily by means of oocyte and embryo
cryopreservation. The field has seen much progress during its four-decade history, progress …

Anammox achieves chemoautotrophic nitrogen removal under anaerobic and anoxic
conditions and is a low-carbon wastewater biological nitrogen removal process with broad …

The human population is increasing at an alarming rate, whereas at the same time
agricultural productivity is decreasing due to the effect of various environmental problems. In …

Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa—introduced in the 1960′ s—has been
recognized as an efficient procedure for management of male fertility before therapy for …

Preservation of soluble proteins during drying It is well established that many sugars
stabilize proteins in solution (Back et al., 1979; Lee & Timasheff, 1981; Arakawa & Timasheff …

When cells are cooled to temperatures above the freezing point of water at rates greater
than a few degrees per minute, they sustain irreversible injury. Reduction of this “cold shock” …