Anammox achieves chemoautotrophic nitrogen removal under anaerobic and anoxic
conditions and is a low-carbon wastewater biological nitrogen removal process with broad …

The era of successful cryopreservation of gametes from a variety of species was brought
about by the serendipitous discovery in 1949 of the protective action of glycerol by scientists …

368 ments, which are thought to be entropically driven, are lost when the water in which they
are formed is removed. For instance, when a biological membrane is dehydrated …

Numerous studies have been published that attempted to correlate fructan concentrations
with freezing and drought tolerance. Studies investigating the effect of fructan on liposomes …

Trehalose, the non-reducing disaccharide of glucose, is the principal sugar circulating in the
blood or haemolymph of most insects. Resistance to acid hydrolysis and an absence of …

The abilities of a variety of compounds to inhibit liposome fusion during freeze/thaw were
assessed by resonance energy transfer. Small unilamellar vesicles have been frozen …

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are biological antifreezes with unique properties, including
thermal hysteresis (TH), ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), and interaction with membranes …

It is well known that temperature has a pervasive effect on insects. Nearly every aspect of an
insect's life is influenced by temperature, from direct effects on the kinetics of enzymatic …

At their critical thermal minimum (CTmin) insects enter chill-coma, a reversible state where
neuromuscular transmission and movement cease. The physiological mechanisms …

Traditionally studies of cold tolerance in insects have focused on seasonal adaptations
related to overwintering that are observed after weeks or months of exposure to low …