Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis, through which activated
myofibroblasts in the liver secrete extracellular matrix proteins that generate the fibrous scar …

Liver fibrosis due to viral or metabolic chronic liver diseases is a major challenge of global
health. Correlating with liver disease progression, fibrosis is a key factor for liver disease …

Cirrhosis–the common end-stage of chronic liver disease–is associated with a cascade of
events, of which intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis are central. Bacterial toxins …

Regeneration and tissue repair processes consist of a sequence of molecular and cellular
events which occur after the onset of a tissue lesion in order to restore the damaged tissue …

In 1995, the nuclear hormone orphan receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) was
identified as a farnesol receptor expressed mainly in liver, kidney, and adrenal gland of rats …

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response generated against an insult to the liver that
causes liver injury. It has the potential to progress into cirrhosis, and if not prevented, it may …

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), a key member in the TGF-β superfamily, plays a
critical role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Its expression is consistently elevated in …

The concept of macroautophagy was established in 1963, soon after the discovery of
lysosomes in rat liver. Over the 50 years since, studies of liver autophagy have produced …

The liver carries out a wide range of functions ranging from the control of metabolites,
nutrient storage, and detoxification to immunosurveillance. While inflammation is essential …

Although organ fibrosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in chronic diseases, the
lack of detailed knowledge about specific cellular contributors mediating fibrogenesis …