Bladder cancer (BC) is characterized by high incidence and recurrence rates together with
genomic instability and elevated mutation degree. Currently, cystoscopy combined with …

The IL-1 family of cytokines consists of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ.
These proteins form four signaling receptor complexes: the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1 and IL …

With the mechanistic understanding of immune checkpoints and success in checkpoint
blockade using antibodies for the treatment of certain cancers, immunotherapy has become …

Background New therapeutics in development for bladder cancer need to address the
recalcitrant nature of the disease. Intravesical adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor …

Bladder cancer is a complex disease with variable prognosis. Recent investigations into the
molecular landscape of bladder cancer have revealed frequent genetic alterations and …

Abstract The Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine was
generated in 1921 with the efforts of a team of investigators, Albert Calmette and Camille …

Abstract Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) instillations are considered as a gold standard of
therapy in high-and intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) …

Objective The low detection rate of early-stage and small tumors remains a clinical
challenge. A solution to this unmet need is urgently warranted for the accurate diagnosis …

Simple Summary Bladder cancer is the tenth most frequently diagnosed malignant disease
globally. In total, 75% of these patients present with a non-muscle-invasive disease, a …

Aim Optimal management of bladder cancer requires an accurate, standardised and timely
pathological diagnosis, and close communication between surgeons and pathologists …