Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by
photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in …

Breakthroughs in biomedicine and synthetic bioengineering require predictive, rational
control over anatomical structure and function. Recent successes in manipulating cellular …

MOLCAS/OpenMolcas is an ab initio electronic structure program providing a large set of
computational methods from Hartree–Fock and density functional theory to various …

Light-driven sodium pumps actively transport small cations across cellular membranes.
These pumps are used by microorganisms to convert light into membrane potential and …

The light-driven sodium-pumping rhodopsin KR2 from Krokinobacter eikastus is the only
non-proton cation active transporter with demonstrated potential for optogenetics. However …

Rhodopsins are the most universal biological light-energy transducers and abundant
phototrophic mechanisms that evolved on Earth and have a remarkable diversity and …

Ion pumps perform active transport of ions by using energy. The active transport mechanism
can be illustrated by the Panama Canal model, which considers two gates and a gain in …

Ion pumps are membrane proteins that actively translocate ions by using energy. All known
pumps bind ions in the resting state, and external energy allows ion transport through …

This is a review of relevant Raman spectroscopy (RS) techniques and their use in structural
biology, biophysics, cells, and tissues imaging towards development of various medical …

This perspective article highlights the challenges in the theoretical description of
photoreceptor proteins using multiscale modeling, as discussed at the CECAM workshop in …