The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

The development of therapeutic approaches for the induction of robust, long-lasting and
antigen-specific immune tolerance remains an important unmet clinical need for the …

Since their discovery, CD4+ CD25hiFOXP3hi regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been firmly
established as a critical cell type for regulating immune homeostasis through a plethora of …

Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These
effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to …

Besides its canonical role in protecting the host from pathogens, the immune system plays
an arguably equally important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within barrier tissues …

The intestinal microbiota has a pervasive influence on mammalian innate immunity fortifying
defenses to infection in tissues throughout the host. How intestinal microbes control innate …

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) generate immunological self-tolerance by
ectopically expressing peripheral-tissue antigens (PTAs) within the thymus to preview the …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset is characterized by an autoimmune attack on β islet
cells within the pancreas, preventing the insulin secretion required to maintain glucose …

The binding of a cognate antigen to T cell receptor (TCR) complex triggers a series of
intracellular events controlling T cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. Upon TCR …

Background: Oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) are crucial for supporting the nutritional
needs of pediatric populations, particularly those with medical conditions or dietary …