Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

Neutrophils are main players in the effector phase of the host defense against micro-
organisms and have a major role in the innate immune response. Neutrophils show …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles derived from different
cell sources, are used as promising nanovesicles for delivering therapeutic microRNAs …

Elevated levels of circulating pro‐inflammatory biomarkers in patients with both ischaemic
and non‐ischaemic heart failure (HF) correlate with disease severity and prognosis …

The outcomes of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study
(CANTOS) trial have unequivocally proven that inflammation is a key driver of …

Chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate multiple processes such morphogenesis,
angiogenesis and immune responses. Among the chemokine receptors, CXCR4 stands out …

Collateral arteries are an uncommon vessel subtype that can provide alternate blood flow to
preserve tissue following vascular occlusion. Some patients with heart disease develop …

CXC motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is associated with normal and abnormal
development, including oncogenesis. The ligand of CXCR4 is stromal cell-derived factor …

Infiltration of leukocyte subsets is a driving force of atherosclerotic lesion growth, and during
the past decade, neutrophils have received growing attention in chronic inflammatory …

CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 mediate the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow
and their recruitment to sites of injury, as well as affect processes such as cell arrest …