Understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Cryptococcus gattii has been advanced by
modern molecular techniques. C. gattii probably diverged from Cryptococcus neoformans …

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) catalyze the de toxification of superoxide. SODs therefore
acquired great importance as O2 became prevalent following the evolution of oxygenic …

Free radicals are often described as chemical compounds characterized by unpaired
electrons in their outer orbital rendering them highly reactive species. In mammalians …

Enzymes play key roles in fungal pathogenesis. Manipulation of enzyme expression or
activity can significantly alter the infection process, and enzyme expression profiles can be a …

Reactive oxidant species produced by phagocytes have been reported as being involved in
the killing of Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal superoxide dismutases (SODs) that detoxify …

Recently, mitochondria have been identified as important contributors to the virulence and
drug tolerance of human fungal pathogens. In different scenarios, either hypo-or …

In 1999, the population of Vancouver Island, Canada, began to experience an outbreak of a
fatal fungal disease caused by a highly virulent lineage of Cryptococcus gattii. This organism …

In order to establish infections within the mammalian host, pathogens must protect
themselves against toxic reactive oxygen species produced by phagocytes of the immune …

The Fenton-chemistry-generating properties of copper ions are considered a potent
phagolysosome defense against pathogenic microbes, yet our understanding of underlying …

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