There have been significant advances in our understanding of human autoimmunity that
have led to improvements in classification and diagnosis and, most importantly, research …

Myocarditis is the inflammation of the muscle tissues of the heart (myocardium). After a
pathologic cardiac-specific inflammatory process, it may progress to chronic damage and …

When immunologic tolerance to auto-reactive immune cells is lost, autoimmune illness
manifests as the immune system attacking self-molecules. Numerous autoimmune diseases …

Previous studies have estimated a prevalence of a broad grouping of autoimmune diseases
of 3.2%, based on literature review of studies published between 1965 and 1995, and 5.3 …

Allergic asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway obstruction in response to
allergen exposure. It results from an inappropriate T helper type 2 response to …

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a specific clinical condition that characterises
unexplained disabling fatigue and a combination of non-specific accompanying symptoms …

Macrophages are innate immune cells that play an important role in activation of the immune
response and wound healing. Pathogens that require T helper-type 2 (Th2) responses for …

Ferritin is a ubiquitous and specialised protein involved in the intracellular storage of iron; it
is also present in serum and other biological fluids, although its secretion processes are still …

Food can never be entirely safe. Food safety is threatened by numerous pathogens that
cause a variety of foodborne diseases, algal toxins that cause mostly acute disease, and …

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) comprise a cadre of complex diseases whose
underlying pathoetiology stems from a genetic–environmental interaction, between …