Three theories of regeneration dominate neuroscience today, all purporting to explain why
the adult central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate. One theory proposes that Nogo …

This review presents a summary of the various types of cellular therapy used to treat spinal
cord injury. The inhibitory environment and loss of axonal connections after spinal cord …

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system (CNS). Stem cell transplantation is a new therapeutic approach for …

Ischemic preconditioning has been reported to protect against spinal cord ischemia-
reperfusion (IR) injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To …

Angiogenesis is an important step in the complex biological and molecular events leading to
successful healing of dermal wounds. Among the different cellular effectors of wound …

Objective Intrathecal administration of bone marrow stromal cells has been found to produce
beneficial effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury to the spinal cord. The blood-spinal cord …

Basic research in spinal cord injury (SCI) has made great strides in recent years, and some
new insights and strategies have been applied in promoting effective axonal regrowth and …

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) protect against spinal
cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI). However, a large number of transplanted BMSCs …

Owing to the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory functions of hemeoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), HO‐
1‐expressing canine adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad‐MSCs) could be …

Pharmacological or neurosurgical therapies currently in practice to treat the damage in
various neurodegenerative disorders are not efficient in preventing progression or cure of …